Who and when to check
Screening is a preliminary medical examination of healthy people of a certain age, identification of risk factors and diseases at an early stage. Screening examinations will help to identify the disease at an early stage or a predisposition to it, choose the optimal method of treatment and prescribe a set of preventive measures.
Who can be screened
Conducted screening examinations for specific diseases and certain age groups. Screening is carried out in 2 age categories:
1. children from 0 to 18 years old. Children undergo preventive examinations every year until they reach mass. Pupils of preschool institutions, school students, students of secondary specialized educational institutions and students under the age of 18 are examined by a mobile group in educational organizations.
The examination of children who do not attend preschool institutions is carried out in a polyclinic or a Family health Center.
2. adults from 30 to 70 years old.
The study also takes place in the absence of symptoms-just to be sure of your health.
The impressions are completely free. The financing of preventive examinations is carried out at the expense of the mandatory medical insurance system, therefore, in order to pass the screening, there must be an insurance status.
To pass the screening, you must contact the polyclinic at the place of residence or registration. For this purpose, screening rooms are available in every primary health care service. You must have an identity card.
Upon passing the established screening tests, the employee is granted social leave of up to 3 days with payment in accordance with the average salary.
To identify which diseases are screened in adults
Screening examinations of the adult population are aimed at early detection and prevention:
- the main diseases of the circulatory system are arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease;
- diabetes mellitus in men and women;
- cervical cancer among women, benign tumors;
- precancerous, malignant breast tumors in women;
- glaucoma in men and women;
- benign tumor of the colon and rectum in men and women
- malignant tumors of the esophagus, stomach, liver and prostate;
chronic hepatitis B and c in people at risk.
At what age are adults checked
- 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64 men and women aged are examined for early detection of diseases of the circulatory system (arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease) and diabetes mellitus. he was not registered at the dispensary for arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus;
- He was not registered at the dispensary for the early detection of glaucoma 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70 men and women aged. glaucoma;
- He was not registered in an oncological dispensary for early detection of precancerous and precancerous breast diseases 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 7 older women should be present;
- For early detection of cancer and cervical cancer 30, 34, 38, 42, 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70 women who are not registered for cervical cancer are expected at the age of;
- He was not registered for polyposis, bowel and rectal cancer for early detection of precancerous and tumor diseases of the intestine 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70 men and women of different ages are checked.
- For early detection of chronic hepatitis B and C, people with blood diseases, oncological diseases, who are on hemodialysis, who have previously undergone surgery, blood transfusion and its components are examined.
Verification procedure
The patient undergoes a screening examination: answers questions about nutrition, the presence of bad habits, the level of physical activity, hereditary diseases, etc.
The patient’s height and weight are immediately measured, the Ketl index is determined, the level of cholesterol and sugar in the blood is determined by the express method, blood pressure and intraocular pressure are measured.
Then, if necessary, the doctor prescribes a referral for an additional examination or consultation of a narrow specialist.
After examining the patient in the screening room (for early detection of behavioral factors, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus and glaucoma), he is examined for oncopathology (if he undergoes this type of screening with age).
For example, in the examination room, women aged 30 to 70 years receive a smear for oncocytology, women aged 40 to 70 years undergo mammography for early detection of breast cancer, and men and women aged 50 to 70 years are given feces. it is intended for hidden blood for early detection of intestinal cancer.
Results of the screening study
At the end of the screening study, the doctor determines the following groups of dynamic observation, taking into account the results of specialized specialists and laboratory diagnostic studies:
— Group 1A-healthy without risk factors: people without any complaints and chronic diseases in the anamnesis and during examination, risk factors or dysfunction of individual organs and systems;
— Group 1B-healthy people with risk factors: persons who identify control factors, borderline conditions that need monitoring and preventive intervention (persons who have detected minor deviations from the established limits of blood pressure and other physiological characteristics that do not affect the functional activity of the body) ;
— Group 2-practically healthy: with anamnesis, without exacerbations of acute and chronic diseases, for the last 2 years;
— Group 3-patients: persons in need of dynamic monitoring, treatment and rehabilitation.
Passes a healthy (1a, 1b groups) and practically healthy (group 2) person:
— and then screening studies in accordance with the frequency corresponding to training in screening MBAs organizations;
— improving health according to the profile of the activities of organizations of a healthy lifestyle, diseases and a healthy lifestyle.
Persons with chronic diseases identified during the examination are registered and dynamically monitored according to the list of chronic diseases, after which a complex of therapeutic and preventive measures aimed at restoring, improving and strengthening health is carried out.
If acute diseases are detected, an examination and treatment are carried out, after which the state of health is assessed until full recovery.